COVID-19 Coronavirus : What Are The Symptoms?

One of the key issues doctors and public health officials have is clinically determining if a patient has the symptoms of the COVID-19 coronavirus.

As it so happens, the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic occurred during a bad influenza season, making it difficult to differentiate between the two.

But thanks to a new JAMA-published study, doctors and public health officials can now better identify COVID-19 patients!

 

COVID-19 Coronavirus : What Are Its Key Symptoms?

The study on the clinical presentation of 2019-nCoV patients by Dawei Wang and his team was published in The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) on 7 February 2020.

It looked at the clinical characteristics of 138 patients who were hospitalised at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, from 1 January to 28 January 2020.

Top 5 Symptoms Of COVID-19 Coronavirus Patients

Their study showed that fever was the chief symptom, and there were very few reports of headache, dizziness, nausea or vomiting.

Just over half the patients had a dry cough, and only about a third reported muscle pain. Interestingly, no one reported a runny or stuffy nose.

This will help to clinically differentiate COVID-19 from the far more common influenza, especially if a lab test is not readily available.

Here are the top 5 symptoms of the COVID-19 coronavirus that the study identified from those 138 patients :

Top 5 Symptoms	No. Of Patients	% Of Patients
Fever	136	98.6%
Fatigue	96	69.6%
Dry Cough	82	59.4%
Myalgia (Muscle Pain)	48	34.8%
Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)	43	31.2%

Top 5 Symptoms Of COVID-19 Coronavirus Patients Requiring ICU Care

Dawei Wang’s team also looked at what symptoms were more common in patients who ended up requiring ICU care.

They found that these patients were more likely to lose significant weight and suffer shortness of breath, compared to patients who did not require ICU care.

Here are the top 5 symptoms in patients requiring ICU care. Note that a P value of < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Symptoms	ICU	Non-ICU	P Value
Anorexia	66.7%	30.4%	< 0.001
Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)	63.9%	19.6%	< 0.001
Dizziness	22.2%	4.9%	0.007
Pharyngalgia (Pain in Pharynx)	33.3%	11.8%	0.003
Abdominal Pain	8.3%	0.0%	0.02

 

How Did The Chinese Treat COVID-19 Coronavirus Patients?

Dawei Wang and his team also looked at the treatments Chinese doctors used on those 138 patients.

The key treatments they used against the COVID-19 coronavirus were Tamiflu (oseltamivir), oxygen support, and glucocorticoid therapy.

Treatment	No. Of Patients	% Of Patients
Antiviral (Oseltamivir)	124	89.9%
Oxygen	106	76.8%
Glucocorticoid	62	44.9%

Just before the report was released, they did a final follow-up on 3 February 2020, and found that :

• 47 patients (34.1%) recovered, and had been discharged
• 85 patients (61.6%) were still hospitalised
• 6 patients (4.3%) died

It is still early to tell whether the antiviral treatment is working, but it’s heartening to see that a significant number of patients have fully recovered.

 

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